大学慕课mooc英语语音答案(上海师范大学)

本文包含：
Unit 1 Introduction Achievement Test 1
Unit 2 Vowel Achievement Test 2
Unit 3 Consonants Achievement tests 3
Unit 4 Sounds and Spelling Achievement tests 4
Unit 5 Syllables and Consonant Clusters Achievement test 5
Unit 6 Word Stress and Vowel Reduction Achievement tests 6
Unit 7 Sentence Stress & Weak Forms Achievement tests
Unit 8 Connected Speech Achievement tests 8
Unit 9 Intonation Achievement tests 9
Unit 10 Pitch Contour Achievement tests 10

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Unit 1 Introduction Achievement Test 1
1、The soft palate is also called ____
A: velum
B: uvula
C: epiglottis
D: trachea
正确答案: 【 velum 】

2、The back of the tongue helps to produce ____ sounds.
A:velar
B: dental
C: alveolar
D:palatal
正确答案: 【velar】

3、/p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ are produced with the help of ____.
A:the upper teeth and inner lower lip
B: the upper and lower lip
C: the tongue tip on or close to the alveolar ridge
D: the tip of the tongue raised close to the hard palate
正确答案: 【 the upper and lower lip】

4、The sounds produced with the help of the upper teeth are called ____ sounds.
A:bilabial
B: labio-dental
C: dental
D: post-alveolar
正确答案: 【 dental】

5、The study of speech organs is important to know the nature of ____.
A:speech production
B:speech contest
C: telegraphic speech
D: public speech
正确答案: 【speech production 】

6、The organs that take part in production of speech sounds are called ____
A:speech production
B: pharyngeal cavity
C: nasal cavity
D:speech organs
正确答案: 【speech organs】

7、The positional variants of the same phoneme are known as ____.
A: sounds
B:vowels
C: consonants
D:allophones
正确答案: 【allophones】

8、In English, [l] and [ɫ] are allophones of the phoneme /l/ because they occur in _______, i.e., they never appear in the same sound contexts. [l] always occurs before vowels (as in the word leaf, look), while [ɫ] comes after vowels and before consonants (as in the word feel, cold).
A:free variation
B:a minimal set
C:complementary distribution
D: regional differences
正确答案: 【complementary distribution】

9、Using the diacritics provided by the IPA, _______ transcription captures as many aspects of a specific pronunciation as possible and makes very subtle distinctions between sounds.
A:broad
B: narrow
C:phonetic
D:conventional
正确答案: 【 narrow 】

10、/p/ and /b/ can appear in initial position (as in pin and bin) and also in final position (as in rope and robe)．They are in phonemic contrast and said to form a ___ because they occur in the same environment and distinguish meaning.
A:complementary distribution
B:allophonic distribution
C:minimal pair
D:segmental phoneme
正确答案: 【minimal pair 】

Unit 2 Vowel Achievement Test 2
1、Like all languages in the world, English phonemes are also divided into vowels and consonants. The distinction between the two lies in the obstruction of ____.
A: mouth
B:airstream
C:nose
D:vocal cords
正确答案: 【airstream 】

2、The ____ Pronunciation, or RP for short, is the instantly recognisable accent often described as ‘typically British’. It is defined in the Concise Oxford English Dictionary as “the standard accent of English as spoken in the south of England”.
A:Renowned
B: Respected
C:Respectable
D:Received
正确答案: 【Received】

3、The vowel ____ can be described as low, front, and unrounded, but the feature “unrounded” is usually omitted because all front vowels in English are unrounded.
A:/æ/
B: /e/
C: /i:/
D:/ɒ/
正确答案: 【/æ/】

4、Syllabically, although a diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds, and the tongue glides in the production of it, it is perceived as one phoneme, not two. Thus, diphthongs are treated as having one ____ only.
A:stress
B: syllable
C: vowel
D:allophone
正确答案: 【 syllable 】

5、Words such as fire /faɪə/, flour /flaʊə/, or loyal /lɔɪəl/ are considered by the native English speakers to have only one syllable, whereas higher /haɪə/ and player /pleɪə/ are more likely to be heard with disyllabic realizations because the third vowel is a ____.
A: triphthong
B:suffix
C:monophthong
D: diphthong
正确答案: 【suffix】

6、In the production of a consonant sound, the air stream from the lungs meets no obstruction of any kind in the throat, the nose, or the mouth, while in the pronunciation of a vowel, the air stream from the lungs is obstructed in one way or another.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

7、Daniel Jones worked out a set of Cardinal Vowels that students learning phonetics could be taught to produce, the aim of which is to give an approximate picture of the degree and direction of the tongue movement involved.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

8、/i:/ and /ɪ/ are both high front vowels, but /i:/ is a bit lower and more forward than /ɪ/. In addition, /i:/ is tense in that the root of the tongue is more advanced than with /ɪ/, which is lax.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

9、English diphthongs are divided into both falling diphthongs (the first vowel sound is pronounced longer, louder and stronger than the second one), and rising diphthongs (the second sound is produced longer and stronger than the first
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

10、If two adjacent vowel sounds occur in different syllables — for example, in the English word re-elect (/ˌri:ˈɪlekt/) — the result is described as hiatus not as a diphthong.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

Unit 3 Consonants Achievement tests 3
1、Consonants are formed by interrupting, narrowing or diverting the airflow in a variety of ways. There are three ways of classifying the English consonant sounds: ____ of articulation, manner of articulation and voicing.
A: place
B:obstruction
C: aspiration
D:vibration
正确答案: 【 place】

2、When the letter n come before g or k, it is pronounced as /ŋ/ as in strong, bang, thank, drink. However, when g is followed by e or i, the letter n is read as /n/ as in strange, stranger, arrange, longitude because the letter g is pronounced as ____.
A:/ʃ/
B:/ʒ/
C:/ʤ/
D: /ʧ/
正确答案: 【/ʤ/ 】

3、RP has two allophonic variants of /r/. One is retroflex [r], and the other is tapor flap [ɾ]. In the pronunciation of retroflex [r], the tongue curls backward and retroflexes at the ____.
A:front
B: central
C:tip
D:root
正确答案: 【tip】

4、The /r/ may be replaced by an alveolar tap [ɾ] in intervocalic positions (e.g. very, sorry, tomorrow) and in word-final /r/ ____ with an initial vowel (e.g. far away).
A:connecting
B: joining
C:inserting
D: linking

正确答案: 【 linking】
5、Generally speaking, plosive sounds undergo three stages: the closing stage, the compression stage and the ____ stage.
A:release
B:unreleased
C:aspirated
D:unaspirated
正确答案: 【release】

6、The manner of articulation refers to the way in which the airstream is obstructed. For example, with plosive sounds, the articulation acts in such a way that the air is temporarily trapped, and then suddenly released.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

7、Generally speaking, the place and the manner of articulation are the two common features of any languages except the voicing, which is language specific. For example, voicing is a distinctive feature of Mandarin Chinese, whereas aspiration is the distinctive feature of English.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

8、Plosives occur when the airstream is blocked or stopped completely before its release. They are also known as stops because they involve the complete blockage of the airstream.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

9、The sound /ŋ/ remains unchanged at the word boundaries where it is followed by a word beginning with a vowel sound as in bring it (/brɪŋɪt/) and sing us a song (/sɪŋəs ə sɒŋ/). However, in the case of adjectives, the adding of the suffixes –eror -est to the comparative and superlative degree of the words longer and longest has changed the pronunciation of /ŋ/ into /ŋɡ/.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

10、Within the class of approximants, lateral /l/ and retroflex /r/ are further distinguished from semi-vowels /j/ and /w/. This is because /j/ and /w/ are made without a restriction to the airflow. They are phonetically like consonants but phonologically like vowels.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

Unit 4 Sounds and Spelling Achievement tests 4
1、The general distribution of RP consonants is that all consonants can occur at the initial position as singletons except /n/, and that all consonants can appear at the final position as singletons except /h, w, j, r/.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

2、The dark [ɫ] has two types of distributions. One is in word-final position, after vowel, as in call and real, and also after vowel, before consonant, such as cold and help. The other is0 syllabic [ɫ̩]: e.g. little and table.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

3、Both ‘clear’ [l] and ‘dark’ [ɫ] are formed with the tip of the tongue touching the teeth ridge. The only difference is that in the articulation of the ‘clear’ [l], the back part of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate. In the articulation of the ‘dark’ [ɫ], the front part of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate and slightly velarised, with a concave upper surface.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

4、Within the class of approximants, lateral /l/ and retroflex /r/ are further distinguished from semi-vowels /j/ and /w/. This is because /j/ and /w/ are made without a restriction to the airflow. They are phonetically like consonants but phonologically like vowels.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

5、Affricates occur when a complete closure is made somewhere in the mouth, and the soft palate is raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure, and is then released more slowly than in plosives.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

6、The sound /ŋ/ remains unchanged at the word boundaries where it is followed by a word beginning with a vowel sound as in bring it (/brɪŋɪt/) and sing us a song (/sɪŋəs ə sɒŋ/). However, in the case of adjectives, the adding of the suffixes –eror -est to the comparative and superlative degree of the words longer and longest has changed the pronunciation of /ŋ/ into /ŋɡ/.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

7、Inaudible (incomplete) release of plosives refers to the process of articulation of a plosive is not complete. It has only two stages, namely, the closure and the compression, without the release.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

8、Generally speaking, the place and the manner of articulation are the two common features of any languages except the voicing, which is language specific. For example, voicing is a distinctive feature of Mandarin Chinese, whereas aspiration is the distinctive feature of English.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

9、English diphthongs are divided into both falling diphthongs (the first vowel sound is pronounced longer, louder and stronger than the second one), and rising diphthongs (the second sound is produced longer and stronger than the first
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

10、If two adjacent vowel sounds occur in different syllables — for example, in the English word re-elect (/ˌri:ˈɪlekt/) — the result is described as hiatus not as a diphthong.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

Unit 5 Syllables and Consonant Clusters Achievement test 5
1、The minimum unit of speech is a syllable. Syllables have a minimum of one (as in the word air /eə/), and a maximum of ____ structural parts (as in the word text /tekst/).
A: two
B:three
C: four
D: five
正确答案: 【three 】

2、____ consonants are consonants which form the nucleus of a syllable that does not contain a vowel.
A:Nasal
B:Lateral
C: Approximant
D:Syllabic
正确答案: 【Syllabic】

3、In fact, the formation of syllabic consonants has much to do with the ____ principle, a term in auditory phonetics for the overall loudness of a sound relative to others of the same pitch, stress and duration.
A: sonority
B:maximum
C: minimum
D: articulatory
正确答案: 【 sonority】

4、The V and CV syllables are referred to as a/an ____ syllable because they end with a vowel.
A: closed
B:combination
C:open
D: r-syllable
正确答案: 【open】

5、Statements of what sequences may or may not occur are called ____. The full description of such constraints is called phonotactics.
A: regularities
B:constraints
C:rules
D:restrictions
正确答案: 【constraints 】

6、Syllables are units of language, smaller than a word but larger than a phoneme, and every language is said to have syllables.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

7、Phonological treatments of syllable structure usually call the first part of a syllable the onset, the middle part the nucleus and the end part the coda. The combination of nucleus and coda is called the rhyme.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

8、A syllabic consonant is to be interpreted phonologically as /ə/ plus a consonant, but phonetically as the under-stroke [ ˌ ] combining vertical line below a consonant. Thus, the word button is phonologically [‘bʌtn̩] but phonetically /’bʌtən/.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

9、Not all English vowel phonemes can occur in the CV syllable pattern, but all can appear in the CVC pattern.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

10、English has a complex system of consonant clusters, in which two or more consonants occur in sequence in onset or coda position.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

Unit 6 Word Stress and Vowel Reduction Achievement tests 6
1、____ stress is the relative degree of force given to a certain syllable in a word of more than one syllable when it is pronounced in isolation, as if quoted from a dictionary.
A: Nuclear
B:Word
C:Tonic
D:Sentence
正确答案: 【Word 】

2、Stressed syllables bear four physiological properties: loudness, vowel duration, pitch and vowel ____.
A:intensity
B:reduction
C:quantity
D:quality
正确答案: 【quality】

3、Absence of stress on a syllable, or on a word in some cases, is frequently associated in English with vowel ____, the changes that result from unstressed syllables.
A:reduction
B:quality
C:loudness
D:pitch
正确答案: 【reduction】

4、____, on the whole, do not have much effect on the placement of the base or root element.
A:Affixes
B:Prefixes
C:Derivation
D: Suffixes
正确答案: 【Prefixes 】

5、There are two types of -ing + noun combinations. For one type, the -ing form serves as a modifier of the noun and expresses the purpose of the noun; for instance, dining-room means the room for dining. In such circumstances, the word stress always falls on the _____ element.
A:first
B:second
C:either
D:neither
正确答案: 【first 】

6、Some words in English are shown in dictionaries as having three levels of stress: primary, secondary, unstressed or weak.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

7、In every lexical word, and in some grammatical words, one syllable is identified as having primary stress, though in monosyllables the stress is not generally marked.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

8、Word stress is the framework upon which sentence stress and intonation contour is built.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【正确】

9、The pitch movement is associated with secondary stress, but not with primary stress.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

10、The major stress on two-syllable words is more likely to fall on the second syllable if the word is a noun or an adjective, and on the first syllable if the word is a verb.
A:正确
B:错误
正确答案: 【错误】

Unit 7 Sentence Stress & Weak Forms Achievement tests